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Personal Liability of Directors

Personal Liability of Directors Personal Liability of Directors under the Companies Act in South Africa Personal Liability of Directors under the Companies Act refers to circumstances in which a director, prescribed officer or another person falling within the...

Directors’ Conflicts of Interest

Directors’ Conflicts of Interest Directors’ Conflicts of Interest under Section 75 of the Companies Act Directors’ Conflicts of Interest under Section 75 arise where a director has a personal financial interest in a matter being considered by a company, or knows that...

Shareholder Deadlock and Exit Remedies

Shareholder Deadlock and Exit Remedies Shareholder Deadlock and Exit Remedies in South African Law Shareholder Deadlock and Exit Remedies concern the legal and contractual mechanisms available when shareholders can no longer agree on the management, control or future...

Email or WhatsApp Contractual Notice

Email or WhatsApp Contractual Notice When Is an Email or WhatsApp Contractual Notice Valid in South Africa? An Email or WhatsApp Contractual Notice is an electronic communication intended to exercise, preserve or enforce a right under a contract, such as giving notice...

Limitation and Exclusion of Liability

Limitation and Exclusion of Liability Limitation and Exclusion of Liability Clauses in South African Contracts Limitation and Exclusion of Liability Clauses are contractual provisions through which parties allocate financial risk by restricting, capping or excluding...

Non-Variation Clauses

Non-Variation Clauses Non-Variation Clauses in South African Contracts: The Shifren Principle, Oral Amendments and Electronic Agreements Non-Variation Clauses in South African Contracts are contractual provisions requiring amendments, variations or additions to an...
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